18 Roulette

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Introduction

  1. 18 Inch Roulette Wheel
  2. 18 Roulette Wheel
  3. 18 Roulette

Roulette-18 is similar to roulette, except has 19 different outcomes. It can be played with either a custom roulette wheel or 20-sided icosahedron. You can find it at some of the Grosvenor casinos in the UK.

Rules

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The game uses an icosahedron, which for the non-math nerds is one of the five platonic solids, in this case the one with 20 triangles. The die is numbered 0 to 18, plus a 00. If the 00 is rolled, then all bets have no action and the die is rolled again. The following bets are available on the outcome of the roll.

  • Straight up: Bet on an individual number. Pays 17 to 1.
  • Split: Bet on two adjacent numbers of the betting payout. Pays 8 to 1.
  • Street: Bet on a row of three numbers of the betting payout. Pays 5 to 1.
  • Corner: Bet on four adjacent numbers of the betting payout. Pays 7 to 2.
  • Line: Bet on six adjacent numbers of the betting payout. Pays 2 to 1.
  • Odd: Bet on all the odd numbers. Pays 1 to 1.
  • Even: Bet on all the even numbers. Pays 1 to 1.
  • 1-9: Bet on the number 1 to 9. Pays 1 to 1.
  • 10-18: Bet on the number 10 to 18. Pays 1 to 1.
  • Red: Bet on the nine red numbers. Pays 1 to 1.
  • Black: Bet on the nine black numbers. Pays 1 to 1.

Analysis

The following tables show the analysis of each bet. The double-zero is ignored because all bets continue to have action after a double-zero is rolled.

Straight Up

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win1710.0526320.894737
Loss-1180.947368-0.947368
Total191.000000-0.052632

Split

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win820.1052630.842105
Loss-1170.894737-0.894737
Total191.000000-0.052632

Street

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win530.1578950.789474
Loss-1160.842105-0.842105
Total191.000000-0.052632

Corner

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win3.540.2105260.736842
Loss-1150.789474-0.789474
Total191.000000-0.052632

Line

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win260.3157890.631579
Loss-1130.684211-0.684211
Total191.000000-0.052632

All Even Money Bets

EventPaysNumbersProbabilityReturn
Win190.4736840.473684
Zero-0.510.052632-0.026316
Loss-190.473684-0.473684
Total191.000000-0.026316

Strategy

All even money bets have a rule that if the die lands on zero then the player loses half only. This cuts the house edge in half from 5.26% to 2.63%. Thus, much like in European roulette, my advice is to stick to the even money bets only.

Rule Card

Here is a scan of the rule card.

18 Inch Roulette Wheel


Actual Roulette-18 dice, kindly given to me at the Global Gaming Expo.
Written by: Michael Shackleford
Chatroulette
Online chat, voice chat, video chat
Available inEnglish
OwnerAndrey Ternovskiy
Created byAndrey Ternovskiy
CEOAndrew William Done
RevenuePremium
URLchatroulette.com
CommercialNo
RegistrationNot Required
LaunchedNovember 16, 2009; 11 years ago[1]
Current statusActive

Chatroulette is an online chatwebsite that pairs random users for webcam-based conversations. Visitors to the website begin an online chat (text, audio, and video) with another visitor. At any point, either user may leave the current chat by initiating another random connection.[2][3] According to The New York Times, the site is intensely addictive.[4] In February 2010, a few months after the website was created,[5] about 35,000 people were on Chatroulette at any given time. Around the beginning of March, creator Andrey Ternovskiy estimated the site to have around 1.5 million users.[6] According to a survey carried out by RJMetrics, about one in eight spins on Chatroulette yielded 'R-rated' content.[7] Parody shows such as The Daily Show and South Park have lampooned this aspect of the service, and nudity has become an established part of the site's notoriety.[8] In spring 2020, Ternovskiy appointed Andrew William Done, Australian tech entrepreneur, as the CEO of Chatroulette.[9] Done has previously founded companies like Simple Machines in Sydney, Australia, and operated as CTO for multiple tech start ups, such as Goodlord in London.[10] Following product changes in spring 2020, and enhanced by the COVID-19 Pandemic, Chatroulette's user numbers have more than doubled between 2019 and 2020.[10] Due to a big relaunch of Chatroulette in June 2020, including new features and a more reliable and modern platform, user numbers are expected to continuously grow.[9]

Overview[edit]

The Chatroulette website was created by Andrey Ternovskiy, a 17-year-old high-school student in Moscow, Russia.[11] Ternovskiy says the concept arose from video chats he used to have with friends on Skype, and that he wrote the first version of Chatroulette in 'two days and two nights'.[6] Ternovskiy chose the name 'Chatroulette' after watching The Deer Hunter, a 1978 film set in the Vietnam War in which prisoners of war are forced to play Russian roulette.[12] The site pairs its users at random, and allows them to type messages to one another while watching the other user's webcam.[citation needed]

Ternovskiy built the site on an old computer he had in his bedroom. The site initially had 20 users, and then it doubled daily for a period, according to Ternovskiy in 2010.[13] He discusses that he did not advertise or post his site anywhere; in fact, people starting talking about the website and knowledge of it gradually spread by word of mouth. As the number of active users grew, Ternovskiy has had to rewrite the entire code to cope with the load, the management of which being the most challenging part of his project. Despite the expansion of the service, he still codes everything on his own. Ternovskiy sought help from his longtime friend Vlad Kostanyan, who helped him with his side projects.[14]

In early November 2009, shortly after the site launched, it had 500 visitors per day.[6] One month later there were 50,000.[6] The site has been featured in The New York Times,[11]The New Yorker,[15]New York magazine,[16] and on Good Morning America,[17]Newsnight in the United Kingdom,[18]Tosh.0,[19] and The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.[20] In February 2010, about 35,000 people were on Chatroulette at any given time.[21] Around the beginning of March, Ternovskiy estimated the site to have around 1.5 million users, around 33% of them from the United States and 5% from Germany.[6]

An early growth phase was funded by a $10,000 investment from Ternovskiy's parents, which he soon paid back.[6] As of March 2010, Ternovskiy was running the site from his childhood bedroom, assisted by four programmers who were working remotely, and the site was supported through advertising links to an online dating service.[6] The site uses several high-end servers all located in Frankfurt, Germany.[22]

In June 2010 Andrey was awarded by Webby for excellence on the Internet [23]

According to New York Times, the site is intensely addictive.[4] One informal study published in March 2010 showed that nearly half of all Chatroulette 'spins' connected a user with someone in the US, while the next most likely country was France with 15%. On average, in sessions showing a single person 89% of these were male and 11% were female; 8% of spins showed multiple people behind the camera. About one in three females appeared as such a group, and one in 12 males. A user was more likely to encounter a webcam featuring no person at all than one featuring a sole female. About one in eight spins yielded someone apparently naked, exposing themselves, or engaging in a sexual act. A user was twice as likely to encounter a sign requesting female nudity than to encounter actual female nudity.[7]

The website uses Adobe Flash to display video and access the user's webcam. Flash's peer-to-peer network capabilities (via RTMFP) allow almost all video and audio streams to travel directly between user computers, without using server bandwidth. However, certain combinations of routers will not allow UDP traffic to flow between them, and then falling back to RTMP is necessary.[24]

18 Roulette

Initially, the site only asked users to confirm that they are at least 18 years old and agree on terms to not broadcast any offensive or pornographic content. Login or registration was not required. However, the website now requires users to register for free before they can use the features of the website. The signup requires a username, email address, and password. Details such as age, gender, and location can be further added under profile and settings. This tab also allows users to write an 'about me' section about themselves, including languages they speak and their taste in music, movies, and games. Users can also upload an image of themselves to add to their profiles.

Inappropriate content[edit]

Alert message shown after the user has been reported three times

Within a year of the site's launch, Chatroulette received criticism, particularly with respect to the offensive, obscene, or pornographic material that some users of this site were exhibiting. Psychiatrist Dr. Keith Ablow advised, 'Parents should keep all their children off the site because it's much too dangerous for children. It's a predator's paradise. This is one of the worst faces of the Internet that I've seen. It's disconnecting human relationships rather than connecting them.' Emie Allen, president of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, told CBS' The Early Show that the site was the 'last place parents want their kids to be. This is a huge red flag; this is extreme social networking. This is a place kids are going to gravitate to.'[25]

Ternovskiy told the New York Times that 'Everyone finds his own way of using the site. Some think it is a game, others think it is a whole unknown world, others think it is a dating service. I think it's cool that such a concept can be useful for so many people. Although some people are using the site in not very nice ways -- I am really against it.'[25] Early users of the site would frequently encounter users who were naked or masturbating in front of the camera. According to certain reports and a firsthand test, the majority of the site's users are male and overwhelmingly young, and people in their 30s are usually mocked on the site for being too 'old'. Some users dress in costumes to entertain the viewer the site pairs them with, while others play music or host dance parties.[2] In 2011, artists Eva and Franco Mattes presented random Chatroulette users with a staged view of a man who had apparently hanged himself, and recorded the reactions.[26]

According to a survey carried out by RJMetrics, about one in eight of feeds from Chatroulette involved 'R-rated' content.[7] Parody shows such as The Daily Show and South Park have lampooned this aspect of the service, and nudity has become an established part of the site's notoriety.[8] A complicated legal environment surrounds Chatroulette with respect to the sexual activities that occur frequently on the site. These activities may be illegal, but who is liable for such content is uncertain due to the level of anonymity of the users.[2]

Reaction to criticisms[edit]

In response, the website has discouraged under-18s from using the site, and prohibits 'pornographic' behavior. Users who experience harassment or witness illegal, immoral, or pornographic activity may report the offending user. If three users complain about the same participant within five minutes, the user is temporarily banned from the service.[6] In August 2012, Chatroulette removed the Safe Mode feature of the website,[clarification needed] and posted new terms and conditions, stating that nudity was no longer allowed on any part of the site.[27] Chatroulette later changed their terms of use, making it a requirement that all users sign up before using the service.

Early in the site's operation, an algorithm was developed to successfully filter out large quantities of obscene content on Chatroulette, considering that as much as 30% of the 8.5 million monthly unique visitors are under 18 years of age. This has led to a higher proportion of female users accessing the service due to the cleanup.[28] The image recognition algorithms automatically flag users broadcasting sexual content. The filter works in a manner that it identifies excessive amounts of revealed skin while simultaneously recognizes faces as appropriate. A 20,000-user-based sample study proved that the algorithm is able to filter out nearly 60% of the offensive material along with ads on the site.[28] While the video streams are transmitted in a peer-to-peer manner, without passing through the site's server, Chatroulette does periodically take screenshots of the users' video content. Humans then check the screenshots flagged by the algorithms and proceed to block the offending users for a period of time.[28][29] In an interview, Ternovskiy states, 'While recognition software improves, we have employed a moderation team to review pictures manually. We now have around 100 moderators who are all monitoring all webcam feeds and marking inappropriate ones. The combination of filter technology and moderation results in the banning of 50,000 inappropriate users daily.'[28]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Chatroulette.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info - DomainTools'. WHOIS. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  2. ^ abcD. Sutter, John (February 24, 2010). 'Chatroulette offers random webcam titillation'. CNN. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  3. ^Harley, James. 'What is this video chat craze used for?'. Wocchat.com. Wocchat.com. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  4. ^ abKreps, David. 'Foucault, Exhibitionism and Voyeurism on Chatroulette'(PDF). Murdoch University. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  5. ^'Whois chatroulette.com'. www.whois.com. Retrieved 2019-01-08.
  6. ^ abcdefghYevgeny Kondakov and Benjamin Bidder: 17-Year-Old Chatroulette Founder: 'Mom, Dad, the Site Is Expanding' Interview with Andrey Ternovskiy, Der Spiegel, 5 March 2010
  7. ^ abcMoore, Robert J. (2010-03-16). 'Chatroulette Is 89 Percent Male, 47 Percent American, And 13 Percent Perverts'. TechCrunch. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  8. ^ abSouth Park Takes on Tron, Facebook, and Chat Roulette from MovieViral.com
  9. ^ ab''Herr Done, warum sehe ich hier so viele Penisse?''. www.20min.ch (in German). 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  10. ^ abWirtschaft, Finanz und. 'Kaffee mit...'Finanz und Wirtschaft (in German). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  11. ^ abStone, Brad (2010-02-13). 'Chatroulette's Creator, 17, Introduces Himself - Bits Blog - NYTimes.com'. Bits.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  12. ^Nick Bilton: One on One: Andrey Ternovskiy, Creator of Chatroulette (interview) Bits Blog, The New York Times online, March 12, 2010
  13. ^Bilton, Nick (March 12, 2010). 'One on One: Andrey Ternovskiy, Creator of Chatroulette'. New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  14. ^'Chatroulette'.
  15. ^Ioffe, Julia (17 May 2010). 'Roulette Russian: The teen-ager behind Chatroulette'. The New Yorker. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  16. ^Anderson, Sam (2010-02-05). 'Is ChatRoulette the Future of the Internet or Its Distant Past? - New York Magazine'. Nymag.com. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  17. ^'Chatroulette: Talking to Strangers on Internet - ABC News'. Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  18. ^'Newsnight: From the web team: Tuesday 9 March 2010'. BBC. 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  19. ^'Chat Roulette Tosh.0'. Comedy Central. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  20. ^'Tech-Talch - Jon encounters several reporters and naked masturbating men as he explores Chatroulette'. www.thedailyshow.com/. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  21. ^John D. Sutter, CNN (2010-02-24). 'Chatroulette offers random webcam titillation - CNN.com'. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  22. ^'Online Review Reveals Today's Top Five Video Chat Sites'. PR Newswire. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  23. ^'Chatroulette Special Archievment'. Webby.
  24. ^'Stratus Discussion Group'. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
  25. ^ abRhett Miller, Joshua (March 1, 2010). 'Chatroulette Is 'Predator's Paradise,' Experts Say'. Fox News. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  26. ^Westcott, James (2011-08-18). 'Perform Yourself'. New York Times. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  27. ^Chatroulette Deletes Safe ModeArchived 2012-08-16 at the Wayback Machine from roulettechatsites.com
  28. ^ abcdBulatovic, Peja (January 20, 2011). 'Nudity filter helps Chatroulette clean up'. CBC. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  29. ^Xing, Xinyu; et al. (January 2011). 'SafeVchat: Detecting Obscene Content and Misbehaving Users in Online Video Chat Services'. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder. arXiv:1101.3124. Bibcode:2011arXiv1101.3124X.Missing or empty url= (help)

18 Roulette Wheel

External links[edit]

  • Official website
18 Roulette

18 Roulette

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